Decentralization and sustainability of forest resources

Abstract

There are controversies among researchers if the management of forest resources should be transferred from central government to local communities and/or government. On the one hand, it is argued that decentralization is not only desirable but also necessary, while on the other hand it will be the objective condition in accelerating the process of deforestation. This paper analyzes the different arguments between scholars and some results of the decentralization process under way in more than 60 countries. Thus, different forms of decentralizations implemented are characterized and the rights of property and representation of local councils are considered in the process of sustainable management of forests. What can be pointed out is the fact that there is no direct relation between decentralization to local governments/community and the improved management of forests resources. The study shows that, more than its legal mark and the creation of formal structures, factors such as communication channels of the social actors involved, the respect for the land of traditional populations, democratic and representative environment, good relations between government-communities are important factors for obtaining results in sustainable management of forest resources.