DECREASING HYPERGLYCEMIA BY PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS

Abstract

Physical exercises are a therapeutic factor for the prevention and attenuation of the development of several pathologies, especially those linked to energy metabolism. Current analysis deals with the functionality of exercises as a possible method to lessen the effects of metabolic dysfunctions that make the human organism intolerant to glucose and, consequently, to hyperglycemia. The capture of glucose by the muscles occurs by membrane transporters GLUT-4 whose externalization in the cell is stimulated by insulin. Lack of the hormone causes retention of glucose in the blood and thus hyperglycemia is installed. Study shows that the muscle fiber during physical exercises activates a mechanism for glucose capture, regardless of insulin. Other factors, such as the improvement in the sensitiveness of insulin sign on insulin receivers and the reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines for better oxidation of fatty acids during physical exercises seems to be involved in the reduction of resistance to insulin and an improvement in glucose homeostasy. Analysis also investigates the main physiological mechanisms that enable the skeleton muscle in activity to capture glucose and in the improvement in insulin resistance. It also shows the benefits that programmed physical exercises provide the subject with glucose intolerance and with diabetes mellitus type 2.