Effects of health empathy map on physician’s empathic behavior perceived by the patient

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2021v14n2e9081
Keywords: Empathy, Health communication, Health education, Teaching

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Health Empathy Map (HEM) on patient’s perception of physician’s empathic behavior. This was a 3-phase experimental study, conducted with 22 orthopedic residents. In the first phase, the residents’ empathic and relational skills was assessed by patients at the orthopedics outpatient clinic, using the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (CARE). After a training session (2nd phase), the HEM was implemented by residents in outpatient care for 4 weeks. One week later the interruption of HEM (3rd phase), the CARE scale was again applied to patients. The results showed significant improvement in residents’ patient-rated empathy scores, suggesting that the HEM improved the empathic behavior. These findings indicate that HEM can be considered as an auxiliary strategy for empathic skills development.

Author Biographies

Paula Cançado, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais - FCMMG
Professor at Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. Preceptor of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Residency at Hospital São Francisco de Assis, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
Eliane Perlatto Moura , Universidade José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS-BH
Permanent Professor of the Professional Master's Program in Health Education at José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS-BH), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.
Jose Maria Peixoto, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano - UNIFENAS-BH
Permanent Professor of the Professional Master's Program in Health Education at José do Rosário Vellano University (UNIFENAS-BH), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil.

References

1. Decety J. Empathy in Medicine: What It Is, and How Much We Really Need It. Am J Med. 2020;133(5):561-566.

2. Patel S, Pelletier-Bui A, Smith S, Roberts MB, Kilgannon H, Trzeciak S, et al. Curricula for empathy and compassion training in medical education: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2019; 14(8): 1-25.

3. Ferri P, Rovesti S, Panzera N, Marcheselli L, Bari A, Di Lorenzo R. Empathic attitudes among nursing students: a preliminary study. Acta Biomed. 2017;88(3S):22-30.

4. Bas-Sarmiento P, Fernández-Gutiérrez M, Baena-Baños M, Correro-Bermejo A, Soler-Martins PS, de la Torre-Moyano S. Empathy training in health sciences: A systematic review. Nurse Education in Practice. 2020; 44:102739.

5. Lockwood PL. The anatomy of empathy: Vicarious experience and disorders of social cognition. Behav Brain Res. 2016; 311:255-266.

6. Riečanský I, Lamm C. The Role of Sensorimotor Processes in Pain Empathy. Brain Topogr. 2019;32(6):965-976.

7. Lamm C, Majdandžić J. The role of shared neural activations, mirror neurons, and morality in empathy--a critical comment. Neurosci Res. 2015; 90:15-24.

8. Lockwood PL, Ang Y, Husain M, Crokett M. Individual differences in empathy are associated with apathy-motivation. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:17293

9. Thompson NM, Uusberg A, Gross JJ, Chakrabarti B. Empathy and emotion regulation: An integrative account. Prog Brain Res. 2019; 247:273-304.

10. Hojat, M. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad. med . 2009;84(9):1182-91

11. Paiva AH, Andrade MN, Rocha MSC, Peixoto JM. Avaliação da Empatia nos Médicos Residentes do Hospital Universitário Alzira Velano em Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Rev. bras. educ. méd. 2019; 43 Supl 1; 296-304. Epub 13 jan 2020.

12. Araújo NSC, Júnior, AT. A Empatia em Acadêmicos de Medicina em Relação ao Paciente Pediátrico: Estudo Transversal Unicêntrico, 2019. Rev. bras. educ. méd. 2020; 44(3): 1-8. Epub 29 June 2020.

13. Peixoto JM, Moura, EP. Health Empathy Map: Creation of an Instrument for Empathy Development. Rev. bras. educ. méd. 2020; 44(1): 1-8. Epub 13 March 2020.

14. Azim Majumder MA, Ojeh N, Rahman S, Sa B. Empathy in medical education: Can 'kindness' be taught, learned and assessed? Adv Hum Biol. 2020; 10:38-40

15. Han JL, Pappas TN. A review of empathy, its importance, and its teaching in surgical training. J Surg Educ. 2018;75(1):88-94.

16. Palmer K, Hill J, Clegg A. There is inconsistency in the effect of empathy training for healthcare professionals and students. Evidence-Based Nursing. 2020; 1.ebnurs:2020-103292. Epub 19 jun 2020

17. Scarpellini G, Capellato G, Rizzatti F, Silva G, Martinez JA. Escala CARE de empatia: tradução para o Português falado no Brasil e resultados iniciais de validação. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto Online). [Internet] 2014 Mar [acesso em 2020 Jul 26];47(1):51-8. Disponível em: http://www.revistas.usp.br/rmrp/article/view/80098

18. Bratsberg HM. Empathy Maps of the FourSight Preferences. In: Creative Studies Graduate Student Master’s Project. Buffalo State College; 2012. p. 176.

19. Araújo ALSLC, Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida dos Residentes de Ortopedia Brasileiros. [dissertação]. Belo Horizonte: Universidade José do Rosário Vellano; 2018. 102 p.

20. Santos MA, Grosseman S, Morelli TC, Giuliano IC, Erdmann TR. Empathy differences by gender and specialty preference in medical students: a study in Brazil. Int J Med Educ. 2016; 7:149-153.

21. Park C, Lee YJ, Hong M, Jung CH, Synn Y, Kwack YS, et al. A Multicenter Study Investigating Empathy and Burnout Characteristics in Medical Residents with Various Specialties. J Korean Med Sci. 2016;31(4):590-7.

22. Tongue JR, Epps HR, Forese LL. Communication skills. Instr Course Lect. 2005; 54:3-9.

23. Hemmerdinger JM, Stoddart SD, Lilford RJ. A systematic review of tests of empathy in medicine. BMC Med Educ. 2007; 7:24.

24. Neumann M, Edelhäuser F, Tauschel D, Fischer MR, Wirtz M, Woopen C, et al. Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med. 2011;86(8):996-1009.

25. Bernardo MO, Cecílio-Fernandes D, Costa P, Quince TA, Costa MJ, Carvalho-Filho MA. Physicians' self-assessed empathy levels do not correlate with patients' assessments. PLoS One. 2018;13(5): 1-13.

26. Mercer SW, McConnachie A, Maxwell M, Heaney D, Watt GC. Relevance and practical use of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure in general practice. Fam Pract. 2005;22(3):328-334.

Published
2021-04-30
Issue
Vol 14 No 2 (2021): abr./jun.
Section
Artigos Originas - Promoção da Saúde
A submissão de originais para a revista Saúde e Pesquisa implica na transferência da Carta Concessão de Direitos Autorais, pelos autores, dos direitos de publicação digital para a revista após serem informados do aceite de publicação.

A Secretaria Editorial irá fornecer da um modelo de Carta de Concessão de Direitos Autorais, indicando o cumprimento integral de princípios éticos e legislação específica. Os direitos autorais dos artigos publicados nesta revista são de direito do autor, com direitos da revista sobre a primeira publicação. Os autores somente poderão utilizar os mesmos resultados em outras publicações, indicando claramente a revista Saúde e Pesquisa como o meio da publicação original. Em virtude de tratar-se de um periódico de acesso aberto, é permitido o uso gratuito dos artigos, principalmente em aplicações educacionais e científicas, desde que citada a fonte. A Saúde e Pesquisa adota a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.

A revista se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua e a credibilidade do veículo. Respeitará, no entanto, o estilo de escrever dos autores. Alterações, correções ou sugestões de ordem conceitual serão encaminhadas aos autores, quando necessário. Nesses casos, os artigos, depois de adequados, deverão ser submetidos a nova apreciação. As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.