SAÚDE BIOPSICOSSOCIAL E COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Palavras-chave: Desempenho esportivo, Infecção viral Covid-19, Pandemias

Resumo

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os impactos da atividade física (recreacional e alto rendimento), sob a saúde física, alimentação e saúde mental, durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus. Em vista disso, acredita-se que a prática de atividade física, estímulo à alimentação saudável e manejo do estresse poderiam propiciar maior qualidade de vida para a população, principalmente no que tange ao combate às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT´s), em especial a obesidade, que reduz a eficiência da resposta imune. Indivíduos com obesidade ou outras DCNT´s (hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e dislipidemia) tendem a apresentar uma inflamação de baixo grau, que é potencializada pela COVID-19, via “tempestade de citocinas pró-inflamatórias”. Diante disso, a fim de verificar se, de fato, a alimentação saudável, a prática de atividades físicas e/ou as práticas esportivas promovem atenuação dos casos graves e críticos da COVID-19, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa com o levantamento de artigos nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Sports Discuss e Scielo, a partir dos descritores em inglês: “Covid-19 and Physical fitness”, “Covid-19 and athletes”, “Covid-19 and sports” e “Covid-19 and Athletic Performance”. Após o levantamento dos dados, foi realizada uma análise descritiva. A partir dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que os indivíduos que são mais aptos fisicamente e que se alimentam de forma correta apresentam tendência de exibir sintomas menos graves, quando infectados pela COVID-19, além de apresentarem melhor saúde mental.

Biografia do Autor

Maurício Rassi Torrecillas, Universidade Cesumar - UNICESUMAR
Discente de Medicina, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Campus Maringá, Maringá (PR), Brasil.
Gabriel do Prado Prieto, Universidade Cesumar - UNICESUMAR
Discente de Medicina, Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Campus Maringá, Maringá (PR), Brasil.
Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco, Universidade Cesumar - UNICESUMAR
Doutor em Educação Física, Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde (PPGPS) na Universidade Cesumar (UNICESUMAR). Pesquisador no Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (ICETI), Maringá (PR), Brasil.

Referências

ALDABAL, L. Metabolic, Endocrine, and Immune Consequences of Sleep Deprivation. The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal, v. 5, n. 1, p. 31-43, jun. 2011. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306401105010031.

ALOSCO, M. L.; GUNSTAD, J.; XU, X.; CLARK, U. S.; LABBE, D. R.; RISKIN-JONES, H. H.; TERRERO, G.; SCHWARZ, N. F.; WALSH, E. G.; POPPAS, A. The impact of hypertension on cerebral perfusion and cortical thickness in older adults. Journal of The American Society of Hypertension, v. 8, n. 8, p. 561-570, ago. 2014. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2014.04.002.

BENNETT, G.; YOUNG, E.; BUTLER, I.; COE, S. The Impact of Lockdown During the COVID-19 Outbreak on Dietary Habits in Various Population Groups: a scoping review. Frontiers In Nutrition, v. 8, p. 1, mar. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.626432.

BENTLAGE, E.; AMMAR, A.; HOW, D.; AHMED, M.; TRABELSI, K.; CHTOUROU, H.; BRACH, M. Practical Recommendations for Maintaining Active Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, v. 17, n. 17, p. 6265, ago. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176265.

BRANDENBURG, J. P.; LESSER, I. A.; THOMSON, C. J.; GILES, L. V. Does Higher Self-Reported Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reduce the Odds of Hospitalization From COVID-19? Journal of Physical Activity And Health, v. 18, n. 7, p. 782-788, jul. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0817.

BURTSCHER, J.; MILLET, G. P.; BURTSCHER, M. Low cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial fitness as risk factors in viral infections: implications for covid-19. British Journal of Sports Medicine, v. 55, n. 8, p. 413-415, nov. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103572.

CENA, H.; CALDER, P. C. Defining a Healthy Diet: evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients, v. 12, n. 2, p. 334, jan. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020334.

CHAO, A.; GRILO, C. M.; A WHITE, M.; SINHA, R. Food cravings mediate the relationship between chronic stress and body mass index. Journal of Health Psychology, v. 20, n. 6, p. 721-729, jun. 2015. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573448.

CHEVAL, B.; SIEBER, S.; MALTAGLIATI, S.; MILLET, G. P.; FORMÁNEK, T.; CHALABAEV, A.; CULLATI, S.; BOISGONTIER, M. P. Muscle strength is associated with COVID‐19 hospitalization in adults 50 years of age or older. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia And Muscle, v. 5, n. 8, p. 22-28, ago. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12738.

COLBERG, S. R.; SIGAL, R. J.; FERNHALL, B.; REGENSTEINER, J. G.; BLISSMER, B. J.; RUBIN, R. R.; CHASAN-TABER, L.; ALBRIGHT, A. L.; BRAUN, B. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes: the american college of sports medicine and the american diabetes association. Diabetes Care, v. 33, n. 12, p. 147-167, nov. 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc10-9990.

DAMÁZIO, L. C. M.; SOUZA FILHO, G. R. de; PEREIRA, A. C. L.; LEÃO, T. L. O.; FERREIRA, L. C.; MOURÃO, F. N. Os efeitos de um programa de atividade física na pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca de pacientes hipertensos e deficientes físicos. Revista de Atenção à Saúde, v. 17, n. 59, p. 57-63, maio 2019. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13037/ras.vol17n59.5836.

DHAR, D.; MOHANTY, A. Gut microbiota and Covid-19 - possible link and implications. Virus Research, v. 285, p. 198018, ago. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198018.

DUN, Y.; RIPLEY-GONZALEZ, J. W.; ZHOU, N.; LI, Q.; CHEN, M.; HU, Z.; ZHANG, W.; THOMAS, R. J.; OLSON, T. P.; LIU, J. The association between prior physical fitness and depression in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemica cross-sectional, retrospective study. Peerj, v. 9, p. 11091, mar. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11091.

DUNN, A. L.; JEWELL, J. S. The Effect of Exercise on Mental Health. Current Sports Medicine Reports, v. 9, n. 4, p. 202-207, jul. 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181e7d9af.

EDALATIFARD, M.; RAHIMI, B.; VESAL, A. Coronavirus and Its effect on the respiratory system: is there any association between pneumonia and immune cells. Journal of Family Medicine And Primary Care, v. 9, n. 9, p. 4729, 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_763_20.

ERNSTSEN, L.; HAVNEN, A. Mental health and sleep disturbances in physically active adults during the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway: does change in physical activity level matter?. Sleep Medicine, v. 77, p. 309-312, jan. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.030.

GONÇALVES, P. N. J. Exercício físico e Sistema imunológico. 2014. 43f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Fernando Pessoa Faculdade Ciências da Saúde, Porto, 2014. Disponível em: https://bdigital.ufp.pt/bitstream/10284/4834/1/PPG_18099.pdf. Acesso em: 1 out. 2021.

INDREICA, E.-S. Time management and healthy food-ascertaining study. Series VII - Social Sciences And Law, v. 61, n. 2, p. 229-236, dez. 2019. Universitatea Transilvania Brasov. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2019.12.61.2.6.

JANSSEN, M.; CHANG, B. P. I.; HRISTOV, H.; PRAVST, I.; PROFETA, A.; MILLARD, J. Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: analysis of consumer survey data from the first lockdown period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers In Nutrition, v. 8, p. 1-60, mar. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.635859.

KAKANIS, M.; PEAKE, J.; HOOPER, S.; GRAY, B.; MARSHALL-GRADISNIK, S. The open window of susceptibility to infection after acute exercise in healthy young male elite athletes. Journal of Science And Medicine In Sport, v. 13, p. 85-86, dez. 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.10.642.

KATZMARZYK, P. T.; SALBAUM, J. M.; HEYMSFIELD, S. B. Obesity, noncommunicable diseases, and COVID‐19: a perfect storm. American Journal of Human Biology, v. 32, n. 5, p. 5-9, ago. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23484.

KAUR, H.; SINGH, T.; ARYA, Y. K.; MITTAL, S. Physical Fitness and Exercise During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a qualitative enquiry. Frontiers In Psychology, v. 11, n. 8, p. 327-345, out. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590172.

KIUCHI, K.; KISHI, K.; ARAKI, K. A Foundational Assessment of the Effects of the Spread of COVID-19 Virus Infection and Related Activity Restrictions on Mental and Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation in Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, v. 32, n. 8, p. 463-466, out. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520965449.

LEONG, D. P.; TEO, K. K.; RANGARAJAN, S.; LOPEZ-JARAMILLO, P.; AVEZUM, A.; ORLANDINI, A.; SERON, P.; AHMED, S. H.; ROSENGREN, A.; KELISHADI, R. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the prospective urban rural epidemiology (pure) study. The Lancet, v. 386, n. 9990, p. 266-273, jul. 2015. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62000-6.

MARI, J. J.; OQUENDO, M. A. Mental health consequences of COVID-19: the next global pandemic. Trends In Psychiatry And Psychotherapy, v. 42, n. 3, p. 219-220, set. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2020-0081.

MARTINEZ, E. Z.; SILVA, F. M.; MORIGI, T. Z.; ZUCOLOTO, M. L.; SILVA, T. L.; JOAQUIM, A. G.; DALL’AGNOL, G.; GALDINO, G.; MARTINEZ, M. O. Z.; SILVA, W. R. Physical activity in periods of social distancing due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 25, n. 2, p. 4157-4168, out. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202510.2.27242020.

MATOS, D. G.; AIDAR, F. J.; ALMEIDA-NETO, P. F.; MOREIRA, O. C.; SOUZA, R. F.; MARÇAL, A. C.; MARCUCCI-BARBOSA, L. S.; MARTINS JÚNIOR, F. A.; LOBO, L. F.; SANTOS, J. L. The Impact of measures recommended by the government to limit the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on physical activity levels, quality of life, and mental health of brazilians. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 21, p. 9072, out. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219072.

MENEGUCI, J. et al. Comportamento sedentário: conceito, implicações fisiológicas e os procedimentos de avaliação. Motricidade, v. 11, n. 1, p. 160-174, 2015. Doi: https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.3178.

MOREIRA, P. V.; HYSENI, L.; MOUBARAC, J.-C.; MARTINS, A. P. B.; BARALDI, L. G.; CAPEWELL, S.; O’FLAHERTY, M.; GUZMAN-CASTILLO, M. Effects of reducing processed culinary ingredients and ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian diet: a cardiovascular modelling study. Public Health Nutrition, v. 21, n. 1, p. 181-188, set. 2017. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002063.

O’CONNOR, P. J.; HERRING, M. P.; CARAVALHO, A. Mental Health Benefits of Strength Training in Adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, v. 4, n. 5, p. 377-396, maio 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827610368771.

PFEFFERBAUM, B.; NORTH, C. S. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, v. 383, n. 6, p. 510-512, ago. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2008017.

PINHO, C. S.; CARIA, A. C. I.; ARAS JÚNIOR, R.; PITANGA, F. J. G. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of physical fitness. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, v. 66, n. 2, p. 34-37, 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.s2.34.

PITANGA, F. J. G.; BECK, C. C.; PITANGA, C. P. S. Inatividade física, obesidade e COVID-19: perspectivas entre múltiplas pandemias. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde, v. 25, p. 1-4, set. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.25e0114.

PRENCIPE, L.; BARBERIS, S.; PERELLI, T.; TONELLI, T. Pump up the lung and be stronger against COVID-19. Minerva Pneumologica, v. 59, n. 2, p. 33-37, set. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/s0026-4954.20.01874-x.

RANKOVIC, G.; MUTAVDžIć, V.; TOSKIć, D.; PRELJEVIć, A.; KOCIć, M.; NEDIN-RANKOVIC, G.; DAMJANOVIć, N. Aerobic Capacity as An Indicator in Different Kinds of Sports. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, v. 10, n. 1, p. 44-48, fev. 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734.

RAUBER, F.; LOUZADA, M. L. C.; STEELE, E.; MILLETT, C.; MONTEIRO, C. A.; LEVY, R. B. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases-Related Dietary Nutrient Profile in the UK (2008-2014). Nutrients, v. 10, n. 5, p. 587, maio 2018. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10050587.

ROBLES, R.; RODRÍGUEZ, E.; VEGA-RAMÍREZ, H.; ÁLVAREZ-ICAZA, D.; MADRIGAL, E.; DURAND, S.; MORALES-CHAINÉ, S.; ASTUDILLO, C.; REAL-RAMÍREZ, J.; MEDINA-MORA, M.-E. Mental health problems among healthcare workers involved with the COVID-19 outbreak. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, p. 27, dez. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1346.

SANCHIS-GOMAR, F.; LAVIE, C. J.; MEHRA, M. R.; HENRY, B. M.; LIPPI, G. Obesity and Outcomes in COVID-19: when an epidemic and pandemic collide. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, v. 95, n. 7, p. 1445-1453, jul. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.006.

SCERRI, M.; GRECH, V. Discussion: COVID-19’s impact on sports and athletes. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, v. 51, n. 3, p. 390-393, jun. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00726-6.

SCHLARB, A.; CLAßEN, M.; HELLMANN, S.; VÖGELE, C.; GULEWITSCH, M. D. Sleep and somatic complaints in university students. Journal of Pain Research, v. 10, p. 1189-1199, maio 2017. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s125421.

SEVILLA, G. G. P.; GUIDO, O. B.; LACRUZ, M. L. P.; FERNÁNDEZ, A. B.; ALEJO, L. B.; MARTÍNEZ, M. M.; PÉREZ-RUIZ, M. Adherence to a Lifestyle Exercise and Nutrition Intervention in University Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 18, n. 14, p. 7510, jul. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147510.

SHAHIDI, S. H.; WILLIAMS, J. S.; HASSANI, F. Physical activity during COVID‐19 quarantine. Acta Paediatrica, v. 109, n. 10, p. 2147-2148, jul. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.15420.

SHAO, T.; VERMA, H. K.; PANDE, B.; COSTANZO, V.; YE, W.; CAI, Y.; BHASKAR, L. V. K. S. Physical activity and nutritional influence on immune function: an important strategy to improve immunity and health status. Frontiers in Physiology, v. 12, p. 1-1, out. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.751374.

SILVEIRA, M. P.; FAGUNDES, K. K. S.; BIZUTI, M. R.; STARCK, É.; ROSSI, R. C.; SILVA, D. T. R. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, v. 21, n. 1, p. 15-28, jul. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3.

SIMÕES, B. S.; BARRETO, S. M.; MOLINA, M. C. B.; LUFT, V. C.; DUNCAN, B. B.; SCHMIDT, M. I.; BENSEÑOR, I. J. M.; CARDOSO, L. O.; LEVY, R. B.; GIATTI, L. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and socioeconomic position: a cross-sectional analysis of the brazilian longitudinal study of adult health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 34, n. 3, p. 27, mar. 2018. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00019717.

SINGH, S.; ROY, D.; SINHA, K.; PARVEEN, S.; SHARMA, G.; JOSHI, G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: a narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Research, v. 293, p. 113429, nov. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429.

SOUZA, M. T.; SILVA, M. D.; CARVALHO, R. Integrative review: what is it? how to do it?. Einstein (São Paulo), v. 8, n. 1, p. 102-106, mar. 2010. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010rw1134.

TALAPKO, J.; PERIć, I.; VULIć, P.; PUSTIJANAC, E.; JUKIć, M.; BEKIć, S.; MEŁTROVIć, T.; ŀKRLEC, I. Mental health and physical activity in health-related university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare, v. 9, n. 7, p. 801, jun. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070801.

TANG, Y.; LIU, J.; ZHANG, D.; XU, Z.; JI, J.; WEN, C. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: the current evidence and treatment strategies. Frontiers in Immunology, v. 11, p. 1, jul. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708.

TAVAKOL, Z.; GHANNADI, S.; TABESH, M. R.; HALABCHI, F.; NOORMOHAMMADPOUR, P.; AKBARPOUR, S.; ALIZADEH, Z.; NEZHAD, M. H.; REYHAN, S. K. Relationship between physical activity, healthy lifestyle and COVID-19 disease severity; a cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health, p. 50-54, fev. 2021. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01468-9.

TERRA, R.; SILVA, S. A. G.; PINTO, V. S.; DUTRA, P. M. L. Efeito do exercício no sistema imune: resposta, adaptação e sinalização celular. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, v. 18, n. 3, p. 208-214, jun. 2012. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922012000300015.

USHER, K.; BHULLAR, N.; JACKSON, D. Life in the pandemic: social isolation and mental health. Journal of Clinical Nursing, v. 29, n. 15-16, p. 2756-2757, maio 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15290.

WANG, Y.; XU, D. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins. Lipids in Health and Disease, v. 16, n. 1, p. 30, jul. 2017. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0515-5.

WONG, A. Y.-Y.; LING, S. K.-K.; LOUIE, L. H.-T.; LAW, G. Y.-K.; SO, R. C.-H.; LEE, D. C.-W.; YAU, F. C.-F.; YUNG, P. S.-H. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise. Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology, v. 22, p. 39-44, out. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2020.07.006.

YANG, B.-G.; HUR, K. Y.; LEE, M.-S. Alterations in gut microbiota and immunity by dietary fat. Yonsei Medical Journal, v. 58, n. 6, p. 1083, 2017. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1083.

ZHENG, Y.-Y.; MA, Y.-T.; ZHANG, J.-Y.; XIE, X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology, v. 17, n. 5, p. 259-260, mar. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5.

ZOU, P.; WANG, X.; SUN, L.; LIU, K.; HOU, G.; YANG, W.; LIU, C.; YANG, H.; ZHOU, N.; ZHANG, G. Poorer sleep quality correlated with mental health problems in college students: a longitudinal observational study among 686 males. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, v. 136, p. 110177, set. 2020. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110177.

Publicado
2021-11-30