Un Potencial de control biológico de cepas de Streptomyces aisladas de suelos áridos contra Fusarium spp. y Cercospora spp.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2026v19.e14157Palabras clave:
Streptomyces spp, Biocontrol, Hongos fitopatógenos, Importancia económica, InhibiciónResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el potencial de control biológico de cepas bacterianas pertenecientes al género Streptomyces aisladas de suelos áridos contra Fusarium spp. y Cercospora spp. Se recogieron muestras de suelo de tierras en barbecho en el distrito de Puerto Eten, Lambayeque, para aislar Streptomyces spp. presentes de forma natural en estos suelos e identificarlos mediante análisis macroscópicos, microscópicos y genéticos. A continuación, las cepas aisladas se sometieron a pruebas contra los fitopatógenos Fusarium spp. y Cercospora spp. mediante ensayos de doble cultivo. Posteriormente, se extrajeron y caracterizaron sus compuestos bioactivos y se aplicaron para comparar sus efectos inhibidores con los de un fungicida sintético de uso común. Los resultados mostraron que las tres cepas aisladas presentaban características macroscópicas y microscópicas compatibles con Streptomyces. En ensayos de confrontación dual, los niveles de inhibición contra Fusarium spp. oscilaron entre el 62.22 % y el 72.14 %, y contra Cercospora spp. entre el 65.31 % y el 70.17 %. En los ensayos de difusión en pocillos, la inhibición contra Fusarium spp. osciló entre el 66,64 % y el 70,00 %, y contra Cercospora spp. entre el 65,31 % y el 70,17 %. Las pruebas enzimáticas indicaron que las cepas JCH7 y JCH3 dieron positivo para lipasa, proteasa, quitinasa y celulasa, mientras que JCH3 dio negativo para quitinasa. La identificación genética confirmó que JCH7 y JCH3 eran Streptomyces mutabilis, y JCH5 era Streptomyces spp. Los resultados demuestran el potencial de Streptomyces spp. aislado de suelos áridos en la región de Lambayeque como agente de control biológico eficaz contra Fusarium spp. y Cercospora spp.
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