Phytoremediation potential of Canavalia ensiformis in copper- and zinc-contaminated soil

Rayane Reis Sousa; Tiago  Massi Ferraz; Jorge Diniz de Oliveira; Ivaneide de Oliveira Nascimento; Fabrício de Oliveira Reis; Niedja Bezerra  Costa

Rayane Reis Sousa Universidade Estadual do Maranhão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-1463
Tiago Massi Ferraz UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-3523
Jorge Diniz de Oliveira UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-0524
Ivaneide de Oliveira Nascimento UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-7092
Fabrício de Oliveira Reis UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-3695
Niedja Bezerra Costa UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-7512

Abstract

Soil contamination by heavy metals, such as Cu (copper) and Zinc (Zn), is an agro-environmental and socioeconomic problem, resulting from human action on the soil-plant system. The present work aimed to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of C. ensiformis, in relation to the potentially toxic metals Cu and Zn at increasing doses in the soil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design. The soil was treated with five doses of copper and zinc equivalent to (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg-1) with four replications, totaling forty experimental units. Morphometric data (height, stem diameter and number of leaves), dry biomass, Cu and Zn contents in shoots and roots were collected. Mehlich-1 extractor was used to determine the metals, samples were analyzed by absorption spectrometry atomic with flame atomization, the calculation of Bioaccumulation Factor (FB), Translocation Factor (FT) was performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression (p<0.05). The jack bean has potential for phytoextraction, as it showed translocation of high concentrations of copper and zinc to aerial tissues, the highest concentrations of metals were obtained in the aerial part of cultivated plants, and ranged from 14.13 mg kg-1 (Cu) to 9.36 mg kg-1 (Zn). The species showed a tolerance index >70% for both metals. The results showed that C. ensiformis was efficient in the phytoremediation of the evaluated metals, with the translocation process being progressive in the treatment that presented the highest metal content.

Author Biographies

Rayane Reis Sousa, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Doctoral student at the Postgraduate Program in Plant Production (PG-PV) at the Federal University of Tocantins – UFT, Gurupi (TO), Brazil. Master by the Graduate Program in Agriculture and Environment (PPGAA) of the State University of Maranhão-UEMA, Balsas (MA), Brazil.

Tiago Massi Ferraz , UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO

He is currently a professor of Plant Physiology at the State University of Maranhão. He has a doctorate (2012) and master's degree (2008) in Plant Production and a degree in Biological Sciences from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2006). He works in the area of Agronomy/Biology with an emphasis on Physiology of Cultivated Plants and Plant Ecophysiology, notably photosynthesis and productivity. He works as an Ad Hoc consultant for national and international magazines.

Jorge Diniz de Oliveira, UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO

Graduated in Industrial Chemistry from the Federal University of Maranhão UFMA (1978) and in an Emergency Full Scheme I Licentiate Course from the Center for Higher Studies of Imperatriz-CESI/UEMA (1995). Master's Degree in Inorganic Chemistry from the Federal University of Ceará (1998) and Doctorate in Chemistry from the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP-Araraquara-SP (2006) (Flame Atomic Spectrometry (FAAS). Tocantina Region of Maranhão teaching the subjects Chemistry of Coordination Compounds and Environmental Chemistry.

Ivaneide de Oliveira Nascimento , UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO

He holds a degree in Agronomy from the State University of Maranhão (1995), a degree in Teacher Education Qualification Animal Science Biology from the Federal Institute of Maranhão (2001), a Master's in Agroecology from the State University of Maranhão (2009) and a PhD in Agroecology from the State University of Maranhão (2017). She is currently Adjunct Professor II at the State University of the Tocantina Region of MA.

Fabrício de Oliveira Reis , UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO

Graduated in Agronomy from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (1995-1999), Master's in Plant Production from the State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2001-2003) and Doctorate in Plant Production from the State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2003) -2007). Post-Doctorate in Post-harvest at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (2007-2009). He is currently Adjunct Professor IV at the State University of Maranhão.

Niedja Bezerra Costa, UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS

Doctoral student at the Postgraduate Program in Plant Production (PG-PV) at the Federal University of Tocantins – UFT, Gurupi (TO), Brazil. Master in the Graduate Program in Agroenergy (PPGA) at the Federal University of Tocantins – UFT, Palmas (TO), Brazil.

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