Epidemiologia da anemia ferropriva gestacional em um município do  sudeste do Brasil: Epidemiology of the gestational iron deficiency anemia in a municipality in southeast Brazil

Maria  Dias Rodrigues; Gabriel Leite de Castro Vieira; Marília Alfenas de Oliveira Sírio

doi:10.17765/2176-9206.2024v17n3.e12357

Authors

Maria Dias Rodrigues Federal University of Ouro Preto https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1665-9699
Gabriel Leite de Castro Vieira Federal University of Ouro Preto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-1630
Marília Alfenas de Oliveira Sírio Federal University of Ouro Preto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2925-6558

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2024v17n3.e12357

Keywords:

Iron deficiency anemia, Nutritional supplements, Pregnant women, Prenatal care

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is a disease characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin production due to a lack of iron. To estimate the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women living in a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil and investigate the associated factors. One hundred adult pregnant women answered a questionnaire to collect demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric, and food intake data. Data were processed, and descriptive analyses of frequency and association (chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test) were applied. Statistical significance was considered when p ? 0.05. Among the pregnant women, 96% were non-white, 58.5% were in a stable union, 40% were in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, 52.8% were taking iron supplements, and 4.6% had iron deficiency anemia during the current pregnancy. Furthermore, there was no association of any variable with iron deficiency anemia, and it was not possible to identify its determinants. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the studied group was low; however, the absence of iron supplementation by almost half of pregnant women can lead to a worsening of the condition, deserving attention from professionals and municipal health managers.

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Author Biographies

Maria Dias Rodrigues, Federal University of Ouro Preto

Graduated in Nutrition from the School of Nutrition at the Federal University of Ouro Preto.

Gabriel Leite de Castro Vieira, Federal University of Ouro Preto

Doctor graduated from the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP). During his undergraduate studies, he participated in two research projects, one of which was carried out with professors from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) focusing on the study of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and its impacts on the oral cavity, resulting in a book chapter and two articles published, one of which in an indexed journal. The other research project was carried out through two scientific initiation programs at UFOP, one as a scholarship holder and the other as a volunteer, in a group made up of undergraduate and postgraduate students registered with CNPq, with the aim of studying the financial impacts to the SUS regarding metabolic risks. The results of this research were presented at several events, including the XVII World Congress of Public Health, held in Rome (Italy), with publication of the summary in a supplement to the Population Medicine Magazine. He also published an editorial in the magazine Reumatominas on vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with rheumatological diseases, guided by Professor Dr. Maria Fernanda Guimarães, from HC-UFMG. He was a scholarship monitor for the Epidemiology discipline at UFOP, guided by professor and researcher Dr. George Luiz Coelho, and participated in the PDRIN-UFOP Extension Project. He completed a 180-hour Extracurricular Internship at Hospital Belo Horizonte, having been approved in the selection process for medical students. He participated in several scientific events, having been organizer of the Robotic Surgery Preview at Hospital Felício Rocho and the 1st Pediatric Neurology Symposium at UNIBH. He was a speaker at the 1st Neurology Update Course, held by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology, in conjunction with ABLAN. He was the author or co-author of multiple works presented at state and national specialty congresses, having published three abstracts in supplements to the Revista Médica de Minas Gerais, indexed in LILACS and VHL. He was also a member of two academic leagues (LARCA-UFOP and LAFEM-UFOP) and President of the Academic League of Applied Nephrology (LANA-UFOP) for about 1 and a half years. He participated in three voluntary projects during his graduation, involving the vaccination program against COVID-19 of the Municipal Health Department of Belo Horizonte (MG), the COVID-19 screening and diagnosis program of the Municipal Health Department of Engenheiro Navarro (MG ) and the STI testing effort, organized by the Municipal Health Department of Ouro Preto (MG).

Marília Alfenas de Oliveira Sírio, Federal University of Ouro Preto

Professor at the School of Nutrition at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), graduated in Nutrition (1986) and postgraduate in Biological Sciences (master's degree - 2005 and doctorate - 2012) from UFOP. She teaches the subjects Maternal Nutrition, Supervised Internship in Social Nutrition, Integrated Practices in Nutrition and Health-Clinical Outpatient Clinic and Public Health. She worked with nutritional assessment and breastfeeding in an indigenous population in Minas Gerais. She was Coordinator and tutor of PET-Saúde / Health Surveillance and PET-Saúde GraduaSUS, respectively. Does she coordinate the extension project? A chat with pregnant women in the SUS? It guides studies focused on the following topics: assistance to high-risk and habitual-risk pregnant women, food safety for pregnant women, prevention of pregnancy and STIs in adolescence, investigation of maternal and child deaths and encouragement of breastfeeding.

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Epidemiology of the gestational iron deficiency anemia in a municipality in southeast Brazil