Are life-saving ambulance team members in Maringá, Brazil, also prepared to save teeth?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2026v19e13367

Keywords:

Ambulances, Tooth Avulsion, First Aid, Dental trauma

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of members of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) regarding dental avulsion and the first aid procedures required during emergency care for avulsed teeth. Data were individually collected from 96 SAMU team members working in the city of Maringá, Brazil, using a three-part questionnaire, and descriptive analysis was performed through simple and cross-frequency tables. The sample consisted equally of men and women (50%), predominantly aged up to 39 years (67.7%), and with completed higher education (78.12%). The analysis of the results revealed inconsistencies in the respondents’ understanding of what dental avulsion is, as well as the absence of a structured strategy to manage this type of trauma. The findings indicate that SAMU professionals are still not sufficiently prepared to adequately manage and preserve avulsed teeth.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Alline Batistussi França, Paulista State University Julio Mesquita Filho

Holds a degree in Dentistry from the University of Marília (1997), a Master’s degree in Dentistry from the University of São Paulo – Bauru Campus (2002), a Ph.D. in Dentistry from São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (2019), and completed a continuing education program in Esthetic Adhesive Dentistry at the State University of Maringá (2009). Currently serves as a University Professor at the University Center of Maringá. Mainly works in the following areas: dental avulsion, knowledge, mentors, first aid, and dental trauma.

Diogo Tales da Silva, Federal University of Minas Gerais

Graduated from Unicesumar (University Center of Maringá) in 2017 and completed a postgraduate continuing education program at PUC Minas (Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais) in 2020. During both undergraduate and postgraduate studies, I served as a teaching assistant, participated in extension and research projects, and presented some of my work at academic conferences. I completed my academic Master’s degree in the first semester of 2025, with a concentration in Clinical Dentistry at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), where I am currently pursuing a Ph.D. in the same field. I was a FAPEMIG scholarship recipient during my Master’s and had the opportunity to work as a volunteer substitute professor for one semester, teaching the course "Comprehensive Adult Care I" at UFMG.

Camila Cardoso Barbosa, Maringá University Center

Undergraduate student in the Dentistry program at UniCesumar (2014–2017). Participated in the extension project “Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics” and in the “Student Cultural Program (PCA)”. Served as a teaching assistant for the courses Pediatric Integrated Clinic I and Basic Integrated Clinic I.

Celso Koogi Sonoda, Paulista State University Julio Mesquita

Holds a degree in Dentistry (1986), a Master’s degree (1993), and a Ph.D. (1997) in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology from São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (School of Dentistry of Araçatuba – UNESP). Currently serves as an Associate Professor at the same institution. Teaches undergraduate courses in the discipline of Integrated Clinic at the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba – UNESP. Previously served as the Coordinator of the undergraduate Dentistry program (2002–2003), Head of the Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic (2004–2005 and 2006–2007), and Deputy Head of the Department (2011–2012). Has experience in Clinical Dentistry (Integrated Clinic), with a focus on general treatment planning and dental trauma. Conducts research in the field of dento-facial trauma.

Vinícius Tadeu Batistussi França, State University of Maringá

Holds a degree in Dentistry from the State University of Maringá (2018). Currently works as a dental surgeon at Odontologia França, specializing in Implant Dentistry and Periodontics.

Rodrigo Lorenzi Poluha, State University of Maringá

Holds a Degree in Dentistry, a Residency, and a Master’s degree from the State University of Maringá (UEM); Specialist in Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain from the Institute of Dental Education (IEO); Ph.D. in Oral Rehabilitation from the Bauru School of Dentistry – University of São Paulo (FOB/USP); Member of the Brazilian Society of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain.

References

1. Hartmann RC, Rossetti BR, Siqueira Pinheiro L, Poli de Figueiredo JA, Rossi-Fedele G, S Gomes M, Gutierrez de Borba M. Dentists' knowledge of dental trauma based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines: A survey in South Brazil. Dent Traumatol. 2019 Feb;35(1):27-32.

2. Carvalho B, Almeida H, Andrade ESS, Zarzar P, Vieira SCM, Heimer MV, Colares V. Prevalence of Dental Trauma in 1485 Brazilian Adolescents Aged Between 15 and 19 Years Old and Associated Factors. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2020 Sep 4;18(4):707-712.

3. Lima TCDS, Coste SC, Fernandes MIAP, Barbato-Ferreira DA, Colosimo EA, Del Fabbro M, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP, Côrtes MIS, Bastos JV. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in emergency dental services: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2023 Apr;51(2):247-255.

4. Fouad AF, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 27]. Dent Traumatol. 2020;10.1111/edt.12573.

5. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Avulsions. IN: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, eds. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. 4th Edn. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 2007:444-88.

6. Wolf SMR. The psychological meaning of tooth loss in adult patients. Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent. 1998;52:307-16.

7. Barrett EJ, Kenny DJ. Avulsed permanent teeth: A review of the literature and treatment guidelines. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997;13(4):153-63.

8. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Skeie A, Hjørting-Hansen E, Schwartz O. Effect of treatment delay upon pulp and periodontal healing of traumatic dental injuries - a review article. Dent Traumatol 2002;18(3):116-28.

9. Day PF, Duggal M, Nazzal H. Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: Avulsed (knocked out) and replanted. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2(5):CD006542.

10. Cardoso LC, Poi WR, Panzarini SR, Sonoda CK, Rodrigues TS, ManfrinTM. Knowledge of firefighters with special paramedic training of the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Dent Traumatol 2009;25(1):58-63.

11. Wilczy?ska-Borawska M, Bagi?ska J, Nowosielski C. Experience and attitudes of paramedics with regard to first aid in dental avulsion. Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2011;57(2): 92-8.

12. Aras A, Dogan MS. Evaluating the levels of knowledge and attitudes of emergency medical technicians and paramedics toward traumatic dental injuries. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020 Jan;23(1):54-58

13. Tewari N, Jonna I, Mathur VP, Goel S, Ritwik P, Rahul M, Haldar P, Bansal K, Pandey RM. Global status of knowledge for the prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among non-dental healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2020 Aug;52(8):2025-2037.

14. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria da Atenção à Saúde. Protocolo de Suporte Básico de Vida: SAMU. Brasília; 2016 [Accessed on 12th November 2017]. Available at: .

15. França AB, Neves ACS, Queiroz AF, Poi WR, Hidalgo MM. Evaluation of dentists’ knowledge on urgency conduct for avulsed teeth. Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences, 2019;v.41, e44400.

16. Cruz-da-Silva BR, Perazzo MF, Neves ETB, Firmino RT, Granville-Garcia AF. Effect of an Educational Programme on the knowledge level among an Emergency Service Medical team regarding tooth avulsion. Oral Health Prev Dent 2016;14(3):259-66.

17. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies; STROBE Initiative. Int J Surg 2014;12(12):1495-9.

18. Mattar FN, Oliveira B, Motta SLS. Medidas e Instrumentos de Coleta de Dados. Pesquisa de Marketing. 7th Edn. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2014;139-78.

19. Stokes ME, Davis CS, Koch GG. Categorical data analysis using SAS system. 2nd Edn. Statistical Analysis System Institute. Cary: SAS Institute Inc; 2000.

20. Siviero AC, Westphalen VPD, Deonízio MDA, Fariniuk, LF, Silva Neto UX, Sousa MH, et al. Prevalence of tooth avulsions in the dentistry emergency room of the Cajuru Hospital Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Rev Clin Pesq Odontol. 2005;1:48-50.

21. Casagrande D, Stamm B, Leite MT. Perfil dos atendimentos realizados por uma Unidade de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) do Rio Grande do Sul. Sci Med 2013;23:149-55.

22. Almeida PMV, Dell'Acqua MCQ, Cyrino CMS, Juliani CMCM, Palhares VC, Pavelqueires S. Análise dos atendimentos do SAMU 192: Componente móvel da rede de atenção às urgências e Emergências. Esc Anna Nery. 2016;20:289-95.

23. Silva AMA. Epidemiologia do trauma em atendimentos do SAMU Novo Hamburgo/RS no primeiro trimestre de 2015. Saúde e Pesquisa. 2017;10:539-48.

24. Yeng T, O’ Sullivan, AJ, Shulruf, B. Dental trauma learning facilitators for medical doctors: A viewpoint. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36(2):212-4.

25. Consolaro A. O conceito de Reabsorções Dentárias ou As Reabsorções Dentárias não são multifatoriais, nem complexas, controvertidas ou polêmicas! Dental Press J Orthod. 2011; 16:19-24.

26. Malmgren B, Andreasen JO, Flores T, Robertson A, DiAngelis AJ, Andersson L, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 3. Injuries in the primary dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28(3):174-82.

Published

2026-02-25

How to Cite

França, A. B., Silva, D. T. da, Barbosa, C. C., Sonoda, C. K., França, V. T. B., & Poluha, R. L. (2026). Are life-saving ambulance team members in Maringá, Brazil, also prepared to save teeth? . Saúde E Pesquisa, 19, e13367. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2026v19e13367

Issue

Section

Artigos Originais