Influence of social indicators on the occurrence and mortality of COVID-19 in Brazil in June 2020

Keywords: COVID-19, Incidence, Mortality, Social Indicators

Abstract

Current paper analyzes the influence of social indicators in Brazilian regions and verifies their correlation with the occurrence and mortality caused by COVID-19 in Brazil. All the Brazilian Federative States were included in current observational, ecological and analytical study from 06/10/2020 to 06/13/2020. Variables were related to COVID-19´s occurrence rate, lethality and accumulated mortality per 100,000 inhabitants. Independent variables comprised human development index, poverty percentage and per capita income. Results show that poorer regions have higher incidence, mortality and lethality by COVID-19 when compared to richer ones. These results demonstrate that social indicators influence the incidence and death rates per 100,000 inhabitants due to COVID-19, in addition to showing significant correlations with each other. The study findings may be used to support and guide actions to combat COVID-19 in the country.

Author Biographies

Anderson Antônio Lima dos Santos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Students of the undergraduate course in Nursing at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.
João Pedro da Silva, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Students of the undergraduate course in Nursing at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.
Thais Cristina Loyola da Silva, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Students of the undergraduate course in Nursing at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.
Talita Araújo de Souza, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Master in Public Health from UFRN/RN. Doctoral student at the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCSA) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.
Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de Miranda, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Post-Doctorate in Nursing from the São João de Deus Nursing School (ESESJD-U-ÉVORA), Évora, Portugal. Permanent professor at the Graduate Program in Nursing (PPGE) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.
Gilson de Vasconcelos Torres, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN
Post-Doctorate in Nursing from the São João de Deus Nursing School (ESESJD-U-ÉVORA), Évora, Portugal. Permanent professor at the Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCSA) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (RN), Brazil.

References

1. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, Tan KS, Wang DY, Yan Y. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak–an update on the status. Military Medical Research. 2020 Dec;7(1):1-0. http://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221

2. Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, Li Y. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. International journal of biological sciences. 2020;16(10):1745. http://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221

3. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, Ren R, Leung KS, Lau EH, Wong JY, Xing X. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. New England journal of medicine. 2020 Jan 29. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

4. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretária de Vigilância em Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico Especial - 14. Semana 18. 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 02]. Available from: https://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/April/27/2020-04-27-18-05h-BEE14-Boletim-do-COE.pdf

5. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretária de Vigilância em Saúde. Painel Coronavírus. 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 02 2020]. Available from: https://covid.saude.gov.br/

6. Gao Q, Bao L, Mao H, Wang L, Xu K, Yang M, Li Y, Zhu L, Wang N, Lv Z, Gao H. Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. Science. 2020 Jul 3;369(6499):77-81.http://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1932

7. Garcia LP, Duarte E. Intervenções não farmacológicas para o enfrentamento à epidemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Epidemiol Serv Saúde. 2020;29(2):1-4. http://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-4974202000020000

8. Caetano R, Silva AB, Guedes AC, Paiva CC, Ribeiro GD, Santos DL, Silva RM. Challenges and opportunities for telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: ideas on spaces and initiatives in the Brazilian context. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2020 Jun 1;36.https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00088920

9. Oh WK. COVID-19 infection in cancer patients: early observations and unanswered questions. Ann Oncol. 2020; S0923-7534(20)36384-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.297

10. Werneck, GL; Carvalho, MS. A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: crônica de uma crise sanitária anunciada. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2020;36(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00068820

11. Santos JPCD, Siqueira ASP, Praça HLF, Albuquerque HG. Vulnerabilidade a formas graves de COVID-19: uma análise intramunicipal na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2020;36:e00075720. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00075720

12. Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet. 2020;395(10228):931–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5

13. Souza CDF, Machado MF, Carmo RF. Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: A study of the social determinants of health. Infect. Dis. Poverty. 2020;9:124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x

14. Lipsitch M, Swerdlow DL, Finelli L. Defining the epidemiology of COVID-19 - studies needed. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(13):1194-1196. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2002125

15. Mendonça FD, Rocha SS, Pinheiro DLP, Oliveira SV. Região Norte do Brasil e a pandemia de COVID-19: análise socioeconômica e epidemiológica. J Health NPEPS. 2020;5(1):20-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30681/252610104535

16. Almeida Medeiros A, Barbosa IR, de Lima KC. Epidemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: uma análise dos primeiros 50 dias. Cadernos de Educação, Saúde e Fisioterapia. 2020 Jul 18;7(13). https://doi.org/10.18310/2358-8306.v7n13.a6

17. Sannigrahi S, Pilla F, Basu B, Basu AS, Molter A. Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2020;62(1):e102418 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102418

18. Goutte S, Péran T, Porcher T. The role of economic structural factors in determining pandemic mortality rates: Evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak in France. Res. Int. Bus. Finance. 2020;54(1):e101281 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101281

19. Patel JA, Nielsen FB, Badiani AA, Assi S, Unadkat VA, Patel B, Ravindrane R, Wardle H. Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable. Public health. 2020 Jun;183:110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.006

20. Maciel JAC, Castro-Silva IL, Farias MR, Análise inicial da correlação espacial entre a incidência de COVID-19 e o desenvolvimento humano nos municípios do estado do Ceará no Brasil. Rev. Bras. Epidemiol. 2020;23(1):e200057. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200057

21. Andrade EO, Gouveia VV, D’Ávila RL, Carneiro MB, Massud M, Gallo JH. Índice de desenvolvimento em saúde: conceituação e reflexões sobre sua necessidade. Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. 2012;58(4):413-21. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302012000400010.

22. Lins-Filho PC, de Araújo MM, de Macêdo TS, de Melo MC, Ferreira AK, da Silva EL, de Melo Freitas JL, de França Caldas Jr A. The impact of socioeconomic vulnerability on COVID-19 out comes and social distancing in Brazil. https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1126

23. Souza CD, Paiva JP, Leal TC, Silva LF, Santos LG. Evolução espaço temporal da letalidade por COVID-19 no Brasil; 2020. https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200208

24. Silva MH, Procópio IM. A fragilidade do sistema de saúde brasileiro e a vulnerabilidade social diante da COVID-19. Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde. 2020. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2020.10724

Published
2022-01-31
Section
Artigos Originais