Padrões alimentares e fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos em adolescentes de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro: Dietary patterns and socioeconomic and demographic factors in adolescents from a capital in northeast Brazil

Ana Beatriz Sousa Luz dos  Anjos; Natália Christinne Ferreira de  Oliveira; Maylla Luanna Barbosa  Martins; Eduarda Gomes Bogéa; Ana Karina Teixeira  França

doi:10.17765/2176-9206.2025v18e13087

Authors

Ana Beatriz Sousa Luz dos Anjos University of Sao Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-7615
Natália Christinne Ferreira de Oliveira Federal University of Maranhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-5030
Maylla Luanna Barbosa Martins Federal University of Maranhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-3899
Eduarda Gomes Bogéa Federal University of Maranhao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-8238
Ana Karina Teixeira França Federal University of Maranhao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4460-2631

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2025v18e13087

Keywords:

Adolescents, Principal Component Analysis, Socioeconomic factors, Nutrition

Abstract

Objective: To identify dietary patterns in adolescents and evaluate their association with socioeconomic factors in São Luís, Maranhão. Methods: Cross-sectional study using a Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess food consumption and subsequent extraction of dietary patterns by Principal Component Analysis. Hierarchical modeling and Poisson regression were used to assess associated factors. Results: Among 2,496 adolescents evaluated, 52.4% were female, 63.6% reported brown skin color, and 53.7% belonged to socioeconomic class C. Five dietary patterns were identified: energy-dense, prudent, traditional Brazilian, sugar-sweetened beverages, and alcoholic/energy beverages. The variables sex, socioeconomic classification, skin color, college/university student status and marital status were associated with the dietary patterns extracted. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors were decisive in the adherence to dietary patterns, demonstrating the need to establish public policies that encourage healthy food choices and consider these factors.

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Author Biographies

Ana Beatriz Sousa Luz dos Anjos, University of Sao Paulo

Ana Beatriz Luz dos Anjos has a degree in Nutrition (2020) from the Federal University of Maranhão. She has a postgraduate degree in Eating Behavior from IPGS College (2022). She is currently pursuing a Master's degree in Public Health Nutrition (FSP-USP). She is part of the research group that carries out the Study of Nutrition, Health and Food Security of Indigenous People in Alagoas (ENSSAIA). She is a researcher in the area of nutritional epidemiology and health of the indigenous population, working mainly in the field of nutritional status of indigenous children and associated factors. Areas of interest, study and research: Nutrition in Public Health, Health of the indigenous population, Nutritional status of indigenous children and associated factors, Public Food and Nutrition Policies and Food and Nutrition Security.

Natália Christinne Ferreira de Oliveira, Federal University of Maranhao

Master's level researcher in the Postgraduate Program in Physical Education associated with the Federal University of Juiz de Fora and Federal University of Viçosa (Area of concentration: Exercise and Sport). She has a lato sensu postgraduate degree in Sports Nutrition and Aesthetics from Instituto Plenitude (2022). Bachelor's degree in Nutrition from the Federal University of Maranhão (2020). Participant in the Body Studies Laboratory (LABESC) of the Faculty of Physical Education of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (FAEFID / UFJF). She currently researches the female athlete triad, eating behavior and body image in physical exercise practitioners and teaches classes and lectures on topics related to sports nutrition. During her undergraduate studies, she participated in Scientific Initiation in the area of Food Consumption in adolescents and pregnant women.

Maylla Luanna Barbosa Martins, Federal University of Maranhao

Nutritionist graduated from the Federal University of Maranhão (2009). Specialist in Enteral and Parenteral Nutritional Therapy (2010). Specialist in Clinical and Functional Nutrition (2014). Ongoing specialization in Behavioral Nutrition (2021-2022). Master's degree in Public Health from the Federal University of Maranhão (2012). PhD in Public Health from the Federal University of Maranhão (2020). She is a tutor for the Breastfeed and Feed Brazil Strategy of the Ministry of Health (2013). Permanent professor of the Postgraduate Program in Family Health (PPGSF)/Northeast Network for Training in Family Health (RENASF)/Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA). Full member of the Maranhão Academy of Sciences. Studies the research lines of public health, Sustainable Development Goals, food and nutritional security, analysis of food consumption of populations and behavioral nutrition.

Eduarda Gomes Bogéa, Federal University of Maranhao

Post-doctorate in progress (FAPEMA/CNPq) in the area of Intestinal Health. PhD in Public Health from the Postgraduate Program of the Federal University of Maranhão (2016 - 2019), Master in Public Health from the Postgraduate Program in Public Health of the Federal University of Maranhão (2013 - 15) and specialist in Higher Education Teaching from Estácio (2013 - 14). Nutritionist graduated from the Federal University of Maranhão (2009 - 2012). Researcher in the area of Epidemiology, Public Health, Food Consumption, Body Composition and Intestinal Microbiota. Professor at Florence College. Coordinator of CONEX (Research and Extension Coordination) and of the Research Ethics Committee of Florence College.

Ana Karina Teixeira França, Federal University of Maranhao

She holds a degree in Nutrition from the Federal University of Pernambuco (1995), a master's degree (2008) and a doctorate (2013) in Public Health from the Federal University of Maranhão. She is currently an Associate Professor II at the Federal University of Maranhão, developing teaching and research activities in the Undergraduate Course in Nutrition and vice-coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Public Health. She has experience in the area of Nutrition, with an emphasis on Nutrition, working mainly on the following topics: nutritional assessment, analysis of food consumption in the stages of life and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease.

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