Family perceptions about pain and discomfort in hospitalized children

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2026v19e13454

Keywords:

Comfort, Child Hospitalized, Pain, Family Relations

Abstract

The objective of this study was to understand family members’ perceptions regarding pain and discomfort experienced by children during hospitalization. This was a descriptive and exploratory study conducted with 28 family members of children hospitalized in the pediatric sector of a public hospital in northwestern Paraná, Brazil, with data collected between September and November 2021 through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The analysis allowed the identification of two categories: family experiences regarding pediatric hospitalization and perceptions of the care provided to the child, showing that hospitalization is a critical period marked by suffering and challenges inherent to the hospital environment; however, humanized care, including non-pharmacological therapies, welcoming attitudes, and effective communication by the healthcare team, was perceived as capable of alleviating suffering and providing greater safety for both children and their families, and it was also noted that family members recognize pediatric hospitalization as a time of intense distress for both children and caregivers, particularly in relation to invasive procedures.

Results: The data analysis identified two categories: family experiences of hospitalization in pediatrics and perception of the care provided to the child. These show that hospitalization is a critical time marked by suffering and challenges in the hospital environment. However, humanized care, with non-pharmacological therapies and adequate reception and communication by the healthcare team, has alleviated suffering and brought security to children and their families. Final considerations: Family members recognize pediatric hospitalization as a time of great suffering for both children and carers, especially with invasive procedures.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Beatriz Jorge Oliveira Gomes, State University of Maringá

Master's student in nursing. Nurse, graduated from the State University of Maringá (UEM). Participated in extension projects from 2018 to 2023, entitled Palliative Care for People with Cancer and Their Families and Assistance and Support for Families of Chronic Patients at Home. She completed an extracurricular internship as a nursing intern in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Santa Casa de Maringá, from 2023 to 2023. Researcher at the Center for Studies, Research, Assistance and Support for Families. Member of the extension project entitled Palliative Care for People with Cancer and Their Families.

Rafaela Guilherme de Souza, State University of Maringá

Nurse from the State University of Maringá.

Gláucia Maria Canato Garcia, State University of Maringá

Nurse. Graduated from the State University of Paraná (UNESPAR). She worked as a monitor for the Nursing Fundamentals I course in 2019. She participated in voluntary Scientific Initiation Projects from 2018 to 2019 and as a scholarship holder from the Araucária Foundation from 2019 to 2021. She participated in Extension Projects from 2018 to 2021. She completed an extracurricular internship as a nursing intern in the Nursing Audit, Orthoses, Prosthetics, and Special Materials sector at the Unimed Paranavaí Medical Work Cooperative institution from 2020 to 2021. She worked as an OPME I Assistant in 2021. She holds a residency degree in Nursing Services Management from the State University of Londrina (UEL). Master's student in the graduate program at Maringá State University and researcher at the Center for Studies, Research, Assistance, and Support for Families. Member of the outreach project entitled Palliative Care for People with Cancer and Their Families.

Eloah Boska Mantovani, State University of Maringá

Nursing undergraduate at the State University of Maringá (UEM). She participated in the outreach project entitled Socializing the knowledge of the community of practices in tissue viability and wound treatment in the promotion of nursing care, from 2021 to 2023. She participated in the teaching project entitled Monitoring the teacher's shift at HUM: a learning strategy in nursing, from 2022 to 2023. Currently, she is a researcher at the Center for Studies, Research, Assistance and Support for Families, and has been an integral member of the outreach project entitled Palliative care for people with cancer and their families since September 2023.

Ana Flavia da Silva Izepato, State University of Maringá

A registered nurse, she is currently in the first year of her Master's degree in Nursing at the State University of Maringá. She has a solid academic background, actively participating in research, teaching, and outreach projects focused on health promotion and improving the population's quality of life. She has experience in interdisciplinary practices and demonstrates a constant commitment to developing innovative and humane solutions in the healthcare field.

Yohana de Oliveira Gonçalves, State University of Maringá

Nurse from the State University of Maringá (UEM). Master's student in the Graduate Program in Nursing (PSE) at the State University of Maringá (UEM). During her undergraduate studies, she developed scientific research focused on analyzing the advantages and challenges faced by indigenous students in the process of entering and remaining at the university (2023-2024). She participated in the extension project "Science, Care and Health: Disseminating Knowledge in the Nursing Field" (2022-2024) and "Operation Rondon Paraná" (2024). In the teaching field, she was part of the project "Monitoring the Teacher's Shift at HUM: A Learning Strategy in Nursing" (2022).

Lorena Vitória Souza da Silva, State University of Maringá

A nursing student at Mringá State University (UEM), she participated in the outreach project entitled UEM Anatomy Goes to School - Teaching the Body, Contributing to Healthy Lifestyle Habits from 2022 to 2023. She is currently a researcher at the Center for Study, Research, Assistance, and Support for Families. She is also a member of the outreach project entitled Palliative Care for People with Cancer and their Families.

Sonia Silva Marcon, State University of Maringá

Full Professor in the Department of Nursing at the State University of Maringá (Public Health Nursing with an emphasis on Family Health). She holds a bachelor's degree in Nursing from the State University of Londrina (1979), a master's degree in Nursing from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (1989), and a PhD in Philosophy of Nursing from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (1998). She has been a professor at the State University of Maringá since 1983. She works in the Graduate Program in Nursing, advising master's and doctoral students. She is the founder and editor-in-chief of the journal Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde since its creation in 2002. She has experience in Nursing, with an emphasis on Public Health Nursing, working mainly on the following topics: family, chronic illness, care, children, and home care. Leader of the Research Group  Center for Studies, Research, Assistance, and Family Support. CNPq Researcher 1B. Member of the Nursing Advisory Committee at CNPq from 2022 to 2025.

References

1. Lima LN, Carvalho EO, Silva VB, Melo MC. Self-reported experience of hospitalized children: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(4):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0740

2. Ferreira AN, Sales JKD, Coelho HP, Marçal FA, Melo CS, Sousa DR, et al. Hospitalização infantil: impacto emocional indexado a figura dos pais. Rev Interfaces. 2020;8(1): 402–408. https://doi.org/10.16891/681

3. Brasil. Lei n° 8069, de 13 de julho de 1990. Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, 13 jul. 1990. https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l8069.htm

4. Nunes LRF, Silva AS, Duarte YNC, Almeida YA, Franco ICV, de Oliveira ACV, et al. O Brincar no Hospital: Usando a Ludicidade como Método Terapêutico para as Crianças e Adolescentes Hospitalizadas - Relato de Experiência. Revista Contemporânea. 2024;(1):3233–3246. https://doi.org/10.56083/RCV4N1-182

5. Corgozinho MM, Barbosa LO, Araújo IP, Araújo GTF. Pain and suffering from the perspective of patientcentered care. Rev Bioet. 2020;28(2):249-56. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422020282386

6. Correia S, Aparício G, Condeço L, Martins MP. Pain management in pediatrics: contributions to the quality of nursing care. Millenium Educ Tecnol Saúde. 2020;5(2):185-93. https://doi.org/10.29352/mill0205e.19.00309

7. Tosca CF, Rimolo ML, Breigeiron MK. Apoio oferecido aos pais dos recém-nascidos pela equipe de enfermagem. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant. 2020;20(1):47-54. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-93042020000100004

8. Monteiro RMM. Papel parental durante a hospitalização da criança: percepção dos pais/mães. Instituto Politécnico de Viseu (Portugal); 2021. Available from: https://repositorio.ipv.pt/entities/publication/4adabbeb-3e67-47a3-9844-3302bea4595c

9. Sedrez ES, Monteiro JK. Pain assessment in pediatrics. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(4):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0109

10. Alves R, Santello SBS, Adão AF. Dor pediátrica: percepções da equipe médica. Rev Eletron Acervo Saude. 2021;13(2):1-8. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e6414.2021

11. Lima LRF, Coelho MMF, Martins MC. Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em acompanhantes de crianças internadas com Covid-19 [dissertação]. Fortaleza: Universidade Federal do Ceará; 2023. Available from: https://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/73059

12. Moreno-Monsiváis MG, Interial-Guzmán MG, Sauceda-Flores PF, Vázquez-Arreola L, López-España JT. Satisfacción de las madres con la atención a sus hijos hospitalizados. 2011;11(1):40-47. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/aqui/v11n1/v11n1a04.pdf

13. Bardin L. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70; 2020.

14. Brasil. Medida Provisória nº 1.021, de dezembro de 2020. Dispõe sobre o valor do salário mínimo a vigorar a partir de 1º de janeiro de 2021. Diário Oficial da União. 2020. Available from: https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2020/mpv/mpv1021.htm

15. Dias TL, Moraes AR, Brito TM, Motta AB, Enumo SRF. Hospitalization stress and coping in children. Mundo Saude. 2023;46:551-62. https://doi.org/ 10.15343/0104-7809.202246551562I

16. Lima CRS, Souza RSO, Kazan NM. A importância da brinquedoteca no ambiente hospitalar infantil. Rev Expressao Estacio. 2021;5(1):34-45. Available from: https://estacio.periodicoscientificos.com.br/index.php/REDE/article/view/41/36

17. Bazzan JS, Marten VM, Gabatz RIB, Klumb MM, Schwartz E. Comunicação com a equipa de saúde intensivista: perspetiva da família de crianças hospitalizadas. Rev Enferm Referência. 2021;5(7):e21010. https://doi.org/10.12707/RV21010.

18. Monteiro SC, Lago M, Gozi T, Soares N. Estratégias humanizadas utilizadas para minimizar o estresse da criança durante a hospitalização. Rev Terra Cult. 2021;37(n. especial). Available from: http://periodicos.unifil.br/index.php/Revistateste/article/view/2356

19. Camargo PT, Renovato RD, Ganassin FMH. Percepções da equipe de enfermagem sobre preparo e administração de medicamentos em pediatria. Cienc Cuid Saude. 2021;20. https://doi.org/10.4025/ciencuidsaude.v20i0.54294.

20. Durães FRA, Andrade KS, Barros MMA, Canterle VS. A percepção da equipe de enfermagem na relação profissional-família da criança hospitalizada. Pesq Soc Desenvolv. 2021;16:e436101624307. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24307

Published

2026-05-25

How to Cite

Gomes, B. J. O., Souza, R. G. de, Garcia, G. M. C., Mantovani, E. B., Izepato, A. F. da S., Gonçalves, Y. de O., … Marcon, S. S. (2026). Family perceptions about pain and discomfort in hospitalized children . Saúde E Pesquisa, 19, e13454. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2026v19e13454

Issue

Section

Artigos Originais

Most read articles by the same author(s)