Environmental marketing: the green appeal of certified products and consumer perception

Keywords: Certification, Consumer behavior, Green consumption, Sustainable marketing, Sustainable consumption

Abstract

Given the expanding global niche of sustainable consumption, and the importance of environmental marketing being able to convey to sustainable consumers the image of a company committed to sustainability as well as that its products are sustainable, for success in this market, various promotion strategies can be adopted for this purpose. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the adopted environmental marketing strategies, and the perception of entrepreneurs regarding consumer behavior in relation to these strategies, in the city of Natal-RN. The study was based on a qualitative approach, with convenience and non-probabilistic sampling through which management professionals participated in in-depth interviews, who were chosen because they are associated with working with certified products and environmental marketing strategies in their respective activities in the municipality of Natal, RN. Regarding the results and conclusions, the interviews showed that among the main environmental marketing strategies adopted by the companies represented or assisted by the interviewees, the most used is actually the environmental certification, or the adoption of green seals. Regarding the perception of the interviewed entrepreneurs, managers and consultants, regarding consumers’ behavior in relation to the environmental certification strategy, according to them, even though it is important to communicate the origin of the company’s products and actions, in the sense of sustainability, according to their view, consumers still do not perceive certification as a relevant differential to influence their purchase decision, because they do not have an adequate understanding of the importance of such seal.

Author Biographies

Alípio Ramos Veiga Neto, Universidade Potiguar - UnP
PhD in Psychology from the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas - PUC-Campinas; Master in Psychology from PUC-Campinas, Brazil.
Arthur William Pereira da Silva, Potiguar University - UNP
PhD in Administration from the Potiguar University (UNP).
Márcia Vieira de Alencar Caldas, Universidade Potiguar - UnP
Master in Business Administration from Potiguar University (UNP), Brazil.
Laís Karla da Silva Barreto, Universidade Potiguar - UnP
PhD in Language Studies from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil.
Walid Abbas El-Aouar, Universidade Potiguar - UNP
PhD in Administration from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (URFN), Brazil.

References

AFONSO, A. C. B. The Green Consumer: Profile and Purchasing Behavior (O Consumidor Verde: Perfil e Comportamento de Compra). 2010. Thesis (Masters in Marketing) - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

AKATU. Pesquisa Akatu 2018. Conscious Consumption Overview in Brazil: Challenges, Barriers and Motivations (Panorama do Consumo consciente no Brasil: desafios, barreiras e motivações). 2018. Available in: https://www.akatu.org.br/wpcontent/uploads/2018/11/pdf_versao_final_apresenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pesquisa.pdf. Access in: 12 jan 2019

ALVES, M. V. P. C. F. Market orientation and its relationship with social and environmental responsibility among regional companies (Orientação para o mercado e sua relação com a responsabilidade socioambiental entre empresas regionais). 2011. Thesis (Masters in Business) – Universidade Potiguar, Natal-RN, Brasil.

ANDERSON JÚNIOR, W. T.; CUNNINGHAM, W. H. The Socially Conscious Consumer. Journal of Marketing, v. 36, p. 23-31, 1972.

ANDERSON JÚNIOR, W. T.; HENION, K. E.; COX, E. P. Socially vs Ecologically Responsible Consumers”. AMA Combined Conference Proceedings, v. 36, p. 304-311, 1974.

ASSADOURIAN, E.; PRUGH, T. World State 2013: Is sustainability still possible? (Estado do mundo 2013: A Sustentabilidade ainda é possível?) Salvador: Uma Ed., 2013.

BARBIERI, J. C. Corporate Environmental Management: Concepts, Models and Instruments (Gestão ambiental empresarial: conceitos, modelos e instrumentos). 3. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2011.

BARDIN, L. Content Analysis (Análise de conteúdo). São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011.

BHATE, S.; LAWLER, K. Environmentally friendly products: Factors that influence their adoption. Technovation, v. 17, n. 8, p. 457–465, 1997.

BRASIL. Ministry of Environment. What Brazilians think of the environment and sustainable consumption: National opinion survey: main results (O que o brasileiro pensa do meio ambiente e do consumo sustentável: Pesquisa nacional de opinião: principais resultados). Rio de Janeiro: Overview, 2012.

CAMINO, R. J. Re-evaluating green marketing strategy: a stakeholder perspective. European Jornal of marketing, v. 41, n.11-12, p. 1328-1358, 2006.

CARRUS, G.; PIRCHIO, S.; MASTANDREA, S. Social-Cultural Processes and Urban Affordances for Healthy and Sustainable Food Consumption. Frontiers in Psychology, v. 9, p. 2407-2416, 2018.

CASSILHA, A. C.; PODLASEK, C. L.; CASAGRANDE JÚNIOR, E. F.; SILVA, M. C.; MENGATTO, S. N. F. Furniture Industry and Solid Waste: Considerations for Environmental Balance (Indústria Moveleira e Resíduos Sólidos: Considerações para o Equilíbrio Ambiental). Revista Educação & Tecnologia, n. 8, 2004.

COELHO, A. L. A. L.; SANTOS, H. C. C.; SILVA, A. W. P.; COELHO, C.; OLIVEIRA, B. N. F. Sustainable watercolor: Representative images of the conception of sustainability from drawings of pessoense children and adolescents (Aquarela sustentável: imagens representativas da concepção de sustentabilidade a partir de desenhos de crianças e adolescentes pessoenses). Revista de Administração da UFSM, [S.l.], v. 11, p. 858-880, dez. 2018a.

COELHO, A. L. A. A.; ARAÚJO, L. A. S.; SILVA, A. W. P.; SANTOS, H. C. C.; COELHO, C. Sustainability education and public management in a state school in the city of João Pessoa - PB (Educação para sustentabilidade e gestão pública em uma escola estadual na cidade de João Pessoa – PB). Revista Interdisciplinar Científica Aplicada, v. 12, n. 4, p. 23-38, 2018b.

DAHLSTROM, R. Green Marketing Management (Gerenciamento de Marketing Verde). São Paulo: Cengage, 2011.

DANIERE, A. G.; TAKAHASHI, L. M. Environmental Behavior in Bangkok, Thailand: A Portrait of Attitudes, Values, and Behavior. Economic Development and Cultural Change, v. 47, n. 3, p. 525–557, 1999.

DIAS, R. Environmental marketing: ethics, social responsibility and business competitiveness (Marketing ambiental: ética, responsabilidade social e competitividade nos negócios). 2. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2014.

DONG, X.; LI, H.; LIU, S.; CAI, C.; FAN, X. How does material possession love influence sustainable consumption behavior towards the durable products? Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 198, p. 389-400, 2018.

DRUCKER, P. F. Managing in times of great change (Administrando em tempos de grandes mudanças). São Paulo: Pioneira Thomsom Learning, 2001.

FECOMÉRCIO-RN. Federação do Comércio de Bens, Serviços e Turismo do Rio Grande do Norte. Tourist Profile in RN: High Season 2018 (Perfil do Turista do RN: Alta estação 2018). Natal: FECOMÉRCIO-RN, 2018. Available in: http://fecomerciorn.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Relat%C3%B3rio-Perfil-do-Turista-2018.pdf. Access in 30 mai. 2019.

FISCHER, D.; STANSZUS, L.; GEIGER, S.; GROSSMAN, P.; SCHRADER, U. Mindfulness and sustainable consumption: a systematic literature review of research approaches and findings. J. Clean. Prod., v. 162, p. 544-558, 2017.

FRAJ, E.; MARTINEZ, E. Influence of personality on ecological consumer behaviour. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, v. 5, n. 3, p. 167-181, 2006.

FRIEL, S.; DANGOUR, A. D.; GARNETT, T.; LOCK, K.; CHALABI, Z.; ROBERTS, I.; BUTLER, A.; BUTLER, C. D.; WAAGE, J.; MCMICHAEL, A. J.; HAINES, A. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: food and agriculture. The Lancet, v. 374, n. 9706, p. 2016-2025, 2009.

GARNETT, T. Livestock-related greenhouse gas emissions: impacts and options for policy makers. Environ Sci Policy, v. 12, p. 491-503, 2009.

GEIGER, S. M.; KELLER, J. Shopping for Clothes and Sensitivity to the Suffering of Others: The Role of Compassion and Values in Sustainable Fashion Consumption. Environment and Behavior, v. 50, n. 10, p. 1-26, 2018.

GENG, D.; LIU, J.; ZHU, Q. Motivating sustainable consumption among Chinese adolescents: An empirical examination. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 141, p. 315-322, 2017.

GONÇALVES, A.; DESIDERIO, A.; GUTIERREZ, G. L. Corporate social responsibility (A responsabilidade social das empresas). Revista ORG & DEMO, v. 7, n. 1/2, p. 135-152, 2006.

GONÇALVES-DIAS, S. L. F.; TEODÓSIO, A. S. S.; CARVALHO, S.; SILVA, H. M. R. Environmental Awareness: An Exploratory Study on Its Implications for the Management Study (Consciência ambiental: um estudo exploratório sobre suas implicações para o estudo de Administração). RAE-eletrônica, v. 8, n. 1, 2009.

GRISKEVICIUS, V.; TYBUR, J. M.; BERGH, B. V. D. Going green to be seen: Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 98, n. 3, p. 392-404, 2010.

HAWN, O.; CHATTERJI, A. K.; MITCHELL, W. Do investors actually value sustainability? New evidence from investor reactions to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), Strat. Manag. J., v. 39, n. 4, p. 949-976, 2018.

HAWS, K. L.; WINTERICH, K. P.; NAYLOR, R. W. Seeing the world through GREENtinted glasses: Green consumption values and responses to environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Psychology, v. 24, n. 3, p. 336-354, 2014.

HUTTEL, A.; ZIESEMER, F.; PEYER, M.; BALDERJAHN, I. To purchase or not? Why 117 consumers make economically (non-)sustainable consumption choices. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 174, p. 827-836, 2018.

IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Natal: Panorama. 2018. Available in: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rn/natal/panorama. Access in: 31 mai. 2019.

KASSARJIAN, H. H. Personality and Consumer Behavior: A Review. Journal of Marketing Research, v. 8, n. 4, p. 409-418, 1971.

LAGES, N. S.; VARGAS NETO, A. Measuring consumer ecological awareness: a study conducted in the city of Porto Alegre (Mensurando a consciência ecológica do consumidor: um estudo realizado na cidade de Porto Alegre). In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DA ANPAD, 26., 2002, Salvador. Anais... Salvador: ANPAD, 2002.

LIM, W. M. Inside the sustainable consumption theoretical toolbox: Critical concepts for sustainability, consumption, and marketing. Journal of Business Research, v. 78, p. 69-80, 2017.

LOREK, S.; SPANGENBERG, J. H. Sustainable consumption within a sustainable economy – beyond green growth and green economies. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 63, p. 33- 44, 2014.

LUSCH, R. F. Marketing’s Evolving Identity: Defining Our Future. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, v. 26, n. 2, p. 261-268, 2007.

MATTAR, F. N. Marketing Research: compact edition (Pesquisa de Marketing: edição compacta). 5. ed. São Paulo: Elsevier, 2012.

MICHAUD, C.; LLERENA, D. Green Consumer Behaviour: an Experimental Analysis of Willingness to Pay for Remanufactured Products. Business Strategy and the Environment, v. 20, n. 6, p. 408-420, 2011.

MINTON, E. A.; XIE, H. J.; GUREL‐ATAY, E.; KAHLE, L. R. Greening up because of god: The relations among religion, sustainable consumption and subjective well-being. International Journal of Consumer Studies, v. 42, n. 6, p. 655-663, 2018.

MONTEIRO, T. A.; GIULIANI, A. C.; PIZZINATTO, A. K.; DE TOLEDO PITOMBO, T. C. D. Consumer Ecological Awareness and Green Marketing: A Case Study on Sustainable Marketing Practices in Brazil (A consciência Ecológica do Consumidor e o Green Marketing: um Estudo de Caso sobre as Práticas de Marketing Sustentável no Brasil). Revista FSA, v. 11, n. 2, p. 84-97, 2014.

OTTMAN, J. A. The New Rules of Green Marketing: Strategies, Tools and Inspiration for Sustainable Branding (As Novas Regras do Marketing Verde: Estratégias, Ferramentas e Inspiração para o Branding Sustentável). São Paulo: M. Books do Brasil Editora Ltda, 2012.

POLICYINTERACTIVE. New American dream poll 2014. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.policyinteractive.org/new-american-dream-poll-2014/. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019.

ROBERTS, J. A. Green consumers in the 1990s: profile and implications for advertising. Journal of Business Research, v. 36, n. 3, p. 217-231, 1996.

ROBERTS, J. A.; BACON, D. R. Exploring the Subtle Relations Between Environmental Concern and Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior. Journal of Business Research, v. 40, n. 1, p. 79-89, 1997.

ROMEIRO, M. C. A Study on Environmentally Favorable Consumer Behavior: A Verification in the ABC Region of São Paulo (Um Estudo Sobre o Comportamento do Consumidor Ambientalmente Favorável: uma verificação na região do ABC paulista). 2006. Thesis (Doutors in Business) – Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV, São Paulo-SP, Brasil.

SILVA, A. B.; GODOI, C. K.; BANDEIRA-DE-MELO, R. (Orgs.). Qualitative research in organizational studies: paradigms, strategies and methods (Pesquisa qualitativa em estudos organizacionais: paradigmas, estratégias e métodos). 2. ed. São Paulo, 2010. p. 301-323.

SILVA, V. H. M.; SILVEIRA-MARTINS, E.; OTTO, I. M. Consumer environmental awareness measurement: scale proposal and validation (Mensuração da consciência ambiental dos consumidores: proposta e validação de escala). Revista de Administração da UFSM, v. 10, p. 63-78, 2017.

SOLOMON, M. R. Consumer Behavior (Comportamiento del consumidor). 7. ed. México: Pearson Educación, 2008. 672 p.

STRAUGHAN, R. D.; ROBERTS, J. A. Environmental segmentation alternatives: a look at green consumer behavior in the new millennium. Journal of Consumer Marketing, v. 16, n. 6, p. 558-575, 1999.

SUN, Y. H.; LIU, N. N.; ZHAO, M. Z. Factors and mechanisms affecting green consumption in China: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 209, p. 481-493, 2019.

TRIBUNA DO NORTE. Closer to organics (Mais perto dos orgânicos). 2017. Available in: http://www.tribunadonorte.com.br/noticia/mais-perto-dos-orga-nicos/384270. Access in: 02 jun. 2019.

ULIANA, L. R. Diagnosis of waste generation in furniture production: subsidies for business management (Diagnóstico da geração de resíduo na produção de moveis: subsídios para a gestão empresarial). 2005. Thesis (Masters in Forest Resources) – Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil.

VERGARA, S. C. Business Research Method (Método de Pesquisa em Administração). 3. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2008.

VINING, J.; EBREO, A. What Makes a Recycler? Environment and Behavior, v. 22, n. 1, p. 55–73, 1990.

Published
2020-10-01
Section
Environment