Agronomic characteristics of two corn (Zea mays L.) varieties subjected to topdressing fertilization using different levels of nitrogen and potassium in Amazonas, Brazil
Resumo
From the creation of new corn genomics to meet production demands, it is necessary to evaluate how these new cultivars react to the different environments that exist in Brazil. Front this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of N and K used to topdressing fertilization on agronomic characteristics of two corn varieties at Amazon environmental conditions. The experimental design was randomized in block using a factorial scheme (2 x 4 x 4), with two corn varieties (BRS Caimbé and BR 5011 Sertanejo), four N dosages (0, 60, 100, and 140 kg.ha-1) and four K dosages (0, 20, 60, and 90 kg.ha-1). Each plot was constituted by five lines of 20 m of length and 2.40 m of width, with a space of 0.60 m among these, totalizing an area of 48 m2 per plot. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA and, subsequently, to Tukey test at 5% of significance. Caimbé corn variety presented higher (p < 0.05) number of plants, plant weight, and spikes per plot. High dosages of N and K provided high (p < 0.05) number of plants, plant weight, and spikes per plot. Caimbé corn variety presented higher (p < 0.05) spike weight and size. Other variables did not present significant (p > 0.05) results. High dosages of N provided high (p < 0.05) stem diameter and weight, leaf weight, spike size, and low spike weight. Lower levels of K caused low (p < 0.05) plant height, first spike height insertion, stem diameter, and spike weight.Referências
ADNAN, M. Role of Potassium in Maize Production: A Review. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, v. 35, p. 1-4, 2020. Doi: 10.46718/JBGSR.2020.03.000083.
ALI, A.; HUSSAIN, M.; HABIB, H.S.; KIANI, T.T.; ANEES, M.A.; RAHMAN, M.A. Foliar spray surpasses soil application of potassium for maize production under rainfed conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, v. 21, n. 1, p. 36-43, 2016.
AMADO, T.J.C.; VILLALBA, E.O.H.; BORTOLOTTO, R.P.; NORA, D.D.; BRAGAGNOLO, J.; LEÓN, E.A.B. Yield and nutritional efficiency of corn in response to rates and splits of nitrogen fertilization. Revista Ceres, v. 64, n. 4, p. 351-359, 2017.
ARGENTA, G.; SILVA, P. R. F.; SANGOI, L. Arranjo de plantas em milho: Análise do estado-da-arte. Ciência Rural, v. 31, p. 1075-1084, 2001.
BEQUIMAN, L.R.S.; SANTOS, W.F.; FARIAS, E.C.; COELHO, D.R.; SILVA, L.C.; OLIVEIRA, L.M.; SANTOS, L.F.; SILVA, E.T.; SILVA, R.M.; PEREIRA, J.S.; OLIVEIRA, M.; FERREIRA JR., O.J.; DORA, V.C.; MACIEL, L.C. Variability of corn genotypes in the brazilian Amazon-Cerrado transition zone. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, v. 22, p. 391-394, 2020.
BRAGAGNOLO, J.; AMADO, T.J.C.; NICOLOSO, R.S.; JASPER, J.; KUNZ, J.; TEIXEIRA, T.G. Optical crop sensor for variable-rate nitrogen fertilization in corn: I. Plant nutrition and dry matter production. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 37, n. 5, p. 1288-1298, 2013.
CHIVENGE, P.; VANLAUVE, B.; SIX, J. Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influences maize productivity? Plant and Soil, v. 342, n. 1, p. 1-30, 2011.
CIAMPITTI, I.A.; VYN, T.J. Grain nitrogen source changes over time in maize: a review. Crop Science, v. 53, p. 366-377, 2013.
COLUSSI, J.; SCHNITKEY, G. Brazil: Corn Production in Three Crops per Year. FarmdocDaily, v. 58, n. 11, p.1-4, 2021.
COSTA, S.E.V.G.; SOUZA, E.D.; ANGHINONI, I.; FLORES, J.P.C.; ANDRIGUETTI, M.H. Distribuição de potássio e de raízes no solo e crescimento de milho em sistemas de manejo do solo e da adubação em longo prazo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 33, p. 1291-1301, 2009.
EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 3. ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2013.
FARINELLI, R.; LEMOS, L.B. 2012. Nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura do milho em preparo convencional e plantio direto consolidados. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, v. 42, n. 1, p. 63-70.
FOUNTOURA, S.M.V.; BAYER, C. Adubação nitrogenada para alto rendimento de milho em plantio direto na região Centro-Sul do Paraná. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 33, p. 1721-1732, 2009.
GIRAUD, H.; BAULAND, C.; FALQUE, M.; MADUR, D.; COMBES, V.; JAMIN, P.; MONTEIL, C.; LABORDE, J.; PALAFFRE, C.; GAILLARD, A.; BLANCHARD, P.; CHARCOSSET, A.; MOREAU, L. Reciprocal Genetics: Identifying QTLs for general and specific combining abilities in hybrids between multiparental populations from two maize (Zea mays L.) heterotic groups. Genetics, v. 3, p. 1167-1180, 2017.
HAEGELE, J.W.; COOK, K.A.; NICHOLS, D.M.; BELOW, F.E. Changes in nitrogen use traits associated with genetic improvement for grain yield of maize hybrids released in different decades. Crop Science, v. 53, p. 1256-1268, 2013.
LACERDA, J.J.J.; RESENDE, A.V.; FURTINI NETO, A.E.; HICKMANN, C.; CONCEIÇÃO, O.P. Adubação, produtividade e rentabilidade da rotação entre soja e milho em solo com fertilidade construída. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 50, n. 9, p. 769-778, 2015.
KABLAN, L.A.; CHABOT, V.; MAILLOUX, A.; BOUCHARD, M.-È.; FONTAINE, D.; BRUULSEMA, T. Variability in corn yield response to nitrogen fertilizer in eastern Canada. Agronomy Journal, v. 109, p. 2231-2242, 2017.
KYVERYGA, P.M.; BLACKMER, A.M.; ZHANG, J. Characterizing and classifying variability in corn yield response to nitrogen fertilization on subfield and field scales. Agronomy Journal, v. 101, p. 269-277, 2009.
MARTORANO, L.G.; VITORINO, M.I.; SILVA, B.P.P.C.; MORAES, J.R.S.C.; LISBOA, L.S.; SOTTA, E.D.; REICHARDT, K. Climate conditions in the eastern Amazon: Rainfall variability in Belem and indicative of soil water defict. African Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 12, p. 1801-1810, 2017.
MASCAGNI JR, H.J.; TUBANA, B.; DALEN, M. Supplemental nitrogen applications on corn in lower mississippi river delta alluvial soils. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment: A New ASA–CSSA Journal, v. 1, p. 180029, 2018.
MENDES, F.F.; GUIMARÃES, L.J.M.; SOUZA, J.C.; GUIMARÃES, P.E.O.; PACHECO, C.A.P.; MACHADO, J.R.A.; MEIRELLES, W.F.; SILVA, A.R.; PARENTONI, S.N. Adaptability and stability of maize varieties using mixed model methodology. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, v. 12, n. 2, p. 111-117, 2012.
OLIVEIRA, I.J.; ATROCH, A.L.; DIAS, M.C.; GUIMARÃES, L.J.; GUIMARÃES, P.E.O. Seleção de cultivares de milho quanto à produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade no Amazonas. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 52, n. 6, p. 455-463, 2017.
OLIVEIRA I.J.; FONTES, J.R.A.; BARRETO, J.F.; PINHEIRO, J.O.C. Recomendações Técnicas para o Cultivo de Milho no Amazonas. Manaus: Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, 2018. 28p.
PANISON, F.; SANGOI, L.; DURLI, M.M.; LEOLATO, L.S.; COELHO, A.E.; KUNESKI, H.F.; LIZ, V.O. Timing and splitting of nitrogen side-dress fertilization of early corn hybrids for high grain yield. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 43, p. e017033, 2019.
PETTIGREW, W.T. Potassium influences on yield and quality production formaize, wheat, soybean and cotton. Physiologia Plantarum, v. 133, p. 670-681, 2008.
RASUL, G.A.M. Effect of Potassium fertilizer on growth and yield of corn plants in some soils at Sulaimani governorate. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, v. 38, n. 1, p. 35-43, 2010.
RODRIGUES, M.A.C.; BUZETTI, S.; TEIXEIRA FILHO, M.C.M.; GARCIA, C.M.P.; ANDREOTTI, M. Adubação com KCl revestido na cultura do milho no Cerrado. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 18, n. 2, p. 127-133, 2014.
SEIDEL, E.P.; REIS, W.; BARTZEN, B.; KNAUL, J.; CASSIANO, A.D.; FREDRICH, J.E. Nitrogen and potassium topdressing in maize intercropped with Brachiaria Ruziziensis. Sustainable Agriculture Research, v. 4, n. 4, p. 49-56, 2015.
SENA, D.V.A.; ALVES, E.U.; MEDEIROS, D.S. Seed vigor of maize cv. ‘Sertanejo’ by tests based on the performance of seedlings. Ciência Rural, v. 45, n. 11, p. 1910-1916, 2015.
SILVA, S.M.; OLIVEIRA, L.J.; FARIA, F.P.; REIS, E.F.; CARNEIRO, M.A.C. Activity of the enzyme reductase nitrate in corn cultivated under different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilization. Ciência Rural, v. 41, n. 11, p. 1931-1937, 2011.
SORATTO, R.P.; PEREIRA, M.; COSTA, T.A.M.; LAMPERT, V.N. Fontes alternativas e doses de nitrogênio no milho safrinha em sucessão à soja. Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 41, p. 511-518, 2010.
SUNAGA, Y.; HARADA, H.; KAWACHI, T. Potassium fertilization and soil diagnostic criteria for forage corn (Zea mays L.) production contributing to lower potassium input in regional fertilizer recommendation. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, v. 61, p. 957-971, 2015.
TREMBLAY, N.; BOUROUBI, Y.M.; BELEC, C.; MULLEN, R.W.; KITCHEN, N.R.; THOMASON, W.E.; EBELHAR, S.; MENGEL, D.B.; RAUN, W.R.; FRANCIS, D.D.; VORIES, E.D.; ORTIZ-MONASTERIO, N.I. Corn response to nitrogen is influenced by soil texture and weather. Agronomy Journal, v. 104, p. 1658-1671, 2012.
VALDERRAMA, M.; BUZETTI, S. Fontes e doses de NPK em milho irrigado sob plantio direto. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, v. 41, n. 2, p. 254-263, 2011.
VIEIRA, M.A.; CAMARGO, M.K.; DAROS, E.; ZAGONEL, J.; KOEHLER, H.S. Cultivares de milho e população de plantas que afetam a produtividade de espigas verdes produtividade de espigas verdes. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, v. 32, n. 1, p. 81-86, 2010.
ZARE, K.; VAZIN, F.; HASSANZADEHDELOUEI, M. Effects of potassium and iron on yield of corn (Zea mays L.) in drought stress. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, v. 47, n. 1, p. 39-47, 2014.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizado pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution
Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional. São permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualquer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do trabalho, mesmo para fins comerciais), desde que lhe atribuam o devido crédito pela criação original.